- The criminal justice system in India has undergone a historic transformation with the replacement of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023. This marks one of the most significant legal reforms in independent India, with the aim of making justice delivery faster, more transparent, and more citizen-friendly. Understanding the key features of BNSS is essential for lawyers, students, and ordinary citizens alike.
- One of the most notable changes under BNSS is the emphasis on technology. The new law encourages electronic filing of complaints, use of digital signatures, and service of summons through electronic communication. This is expected to reduce delays and ensure greater efficiency in court processes.
- BNSS also strengthens victims’ rights by ensuring that victims are informed at every stage of the trial and by allowing greater participation. For example, victims have the right to be heard before an accused is discharged or acquitted. This victim-centric approach ensures that justice is not only done but also seen to be done.
- In terms of investigation, BNSS prescribes stricter timelines. Police officers must complete investigations within prescribed periods, failing which they are accountable. Provisions have also been included for faster trial of petty offences, which helps reduce the burden on courts and ensures that justice is not delayed indefinitely.
- Another important change is in the area of bail. The law lays down clearer guidelines to prevent arbitrary decisions. It balances the rights of the accused with the need to protect society. Provisions for speedy trial of women and children-related offences have been strengthened, reflecting a commitment to protect vulnerable sections.
- The BNSS is also expected to reduce adjournments and improve witness protection. By codifying several judicial directions and modernizing old procedures, it brings Indian criminal procedure in line with contemporary needs.
- In conclusion, the BNSS represents a bold step towards modernization of criminal justice in India. While its success will depend on effective implementation, it is a reminder that law must evolve to meet the challenges of society. For lawyers and citizens alike, familiarity with BNSS is no longer optional but a necessity.
