A quasi-judicial authority is an administrative or executive body that has powers similar to those of a court to make decisions affecting the rights, duties, or obligations of individuals. Unlike courts, these authorities are not part of the judiciary, but they exercise judicial functions within the limits prescribed by law.
The term “quasi” means “resembling” or “having some characteristics of,” so a quasi-judicial authority resembles a court in its decision-making process but is not a court in the strict sense.
Key Features
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Legal Authority: Their powers are granted by statute or law.
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Decision-Making Power: They can adjudicate disputes, pass orders, and enforce rules.
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Impartiality Required: They must act objectively and fairly, similar to a judge.
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Opportunity of Hearing: They must provide parties the right to be heard (audi alteram partem).
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Binding Decisions: Orders or decisions are legally binding, subject to appeal in a proper court.
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Limited Scope: They deal with specific matters assigned by law, unlike courts which have general jurisdiction.
Examples of Quasi-Judicial Authorities in India
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Income Tax Authorities – Decide disputes regarding taxation.
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Company Law Board (now National Company Law Tribunal) – Resolves corporate disputes.
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Election Commission – Adjudicates complaints about elections.
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Central Excise and Customs Authorities – Decide disputes related to duties and taxes.
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Consumer Dispute Redressal Forums – Resolve complaints between consumers and service providers.
Importance
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Reduces Burden on Courts: Handles specialized matters efficiently.
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Expertise-Based Decisions: Members often have technical or professional expertise in their field.
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Quick Resolution: Offers faster decisions compared to regular courts.
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Ensures Fairness: Provides an avenue for redressal while maintaining legal safeguards.
In short, a quasi-judicial authority is an administrative body performing judicial functions, ensuring that specialized disputes are resolved fairly and efficiently without going through the formal court system.